Teamwork and Organizational Behavior for McDonalds- myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theTeamwork and Organizational Behavior for McDonalds. Answer: McDonalds is one of the significant organizations in everywhere throughout the world in the food and drink industry. The organization is additionally known for its cooperation and authority procedures for every day business tasks. The case of collaboration of McDonalds in United Kingdom (UK) can be referenced in this circumstance. In UK, McDonalds advances viable cooperation with the assistance of giving preparing and observing to their representatives. McDonalds doles out their representatives with troublesome occupations so they become capable and this procedure gives extraordinary help to the achievement of the day by day business tasks of McDonalds[1]. If there should be an occurrence of operational administration, the case of Jim Skinner, the current CEO of McDonalds can be referenced as his imaginative and creative initiative procedure is the significant explanation for the achievement of McDonalds in UK. His acquainted Plan with Win activity has put accentuation on the significance of store tasks. His different foundation and mastery has been useful persuade the workers and make them submitted towards the authoritative targets. As a piece of Mr. Jims authority technique, he put enormous accentuation on the part of consumer loyalty as clients are the principle wellspring of income for the company[2]. It should be referenced that McDonalds has been associated with different network improvement programs in UK. McDonalds has its autonomous Franchisees for the advancement of instruction in networks. What's more, McDonalds has been engaged with various football clubs, school groups, youth groups and junior associations everywhere throughout the UK to advance football in the networks. Aside from this, McDonalds has their litter watch groups that gather litters from the neighborhood networks of UK. Every one of these viewpoints help to build the generosity of McDonalds in the country[3]. If there should be an occurrence of altruistic exercises in UK, McDonalds magnanimous work to help Ronald McDonalds Charitable House can be referenced. In this magnanimous program, McDonalds has been giving home away from home to the families whose kids are under treatment in emergency clinics. The significant reserve of this cause originates from intentional gifts. The UK clients of McDonalds give a huge number of cash to help this altruistic activity of McDonalds[4]. Consequently, from the conversation, it very well may be seen that the hierarchical conduct of McDonalds is a significant power to expand the generosity of the organization. Every one of these perspectives make McDonalds one of the significant organizations in everywhere throughout the world. References How does McDonald's advance viable group work?.What makes McDonald's, 2017. On the web. Web. 27 Sep. 2017. . Accessible: https://www.mcdonalds.co.uk/ukhome/whatmakesmcdonalds/questions/maintaining the-business/representatives/how-does-mcdonalds-advance successful group work.html. Utilizing McD's Reach Giving Back to Communities :: McDonalds.Corporate.mcdonalds.com, 2017. On the web. Web. 27 Sep. 2017. . Accessible: https://corporate.mcdonalds.com/mcd/supportability/network/fortifying communities.html. Newsroom.McDonald's UK, 2017. On the web. Web. 27 Sep. 2017. . Accessible: https://www.mcdonalds.co.uk/ukhome/Aboutus/Newsroom.html. What noble cause does McDonald's help or work with in the UK?.What makes McDonald's, 2017. On the web. Web. 27 Sep. 2017. . Accessible: https://www.mcdonalds.co.uk/ukhome/whatmakesmcdonalds/questions/maintaining the-business/noble cause/what-good cause does-mcdonalds-backing or-work-with-in-the-uk.html.

Discussions questions-Managing Human Resources Essay

Conversations questions-Managing Human Resources - Essay Example The human asset office is incredibly basic to an association; the nearness of human asset work shows how the human capital is esteemed in the organization (Pieper, 1990). Human asset capital is incredibly fundamental to any company’s main concern, in a relative private venture, or a center level organization; representatives as a rule do cross useful exercises and henceforth, when one worker leaves this influences the entire company’s gainfulness and this leaves a gigantic hole to be filled. In circumstances where the organization is encountering capital deficits, or it’s compelled to lessen the quantity of workers, the human asset work is the one that surfaces with the strategy for diminishing the quantity of representatives. This is a type of spending control works that the human asset work is answerable for the other incorporate haggling for a superior compensation, pay investigation, and in a little organizations that have a constrained spending this capacity is urgent. Give the assorted variety of the laborers in work environment; clashes are unavoidable, human asset representatives in the association help in settling these contentions. This capacity evaluate the vital aptitudes of the association, when the abilities that are required for the organization are recognized, human asset work prepares the representatives on the vital aptitudes. The representative fulfillment is one of the elements of HR; this capacity is liable for worker inspiration, assurance and other vital needs required. These necessities are required for the smooth working of the organization (Susan and Jackson, 2008). These human needs and the other representative advantages are urgent for worker fulfillment; so as to improve the presentation of the organization, these requirements and different advantages are unequivocal of creating execution the board abilities, the human asset capacities build up an arrangement with the representative, to set up targets and how th ey will be accomplished. Human asset work is answerable for enlistment of representatives, remunerating the workers, and worker maintenances in the association. Has governmental policy regarding minorities in society outlasted its handiness? Governmental policy regarding minorities in society was acquainted with guarantee that utilized specialists are dealt with reasonably in their working environment. It was instituted to ensure that workers are not abused in due respect of their race, sexual orientation, shading or inceptions. This activity exists in light of the fact that there was the need to address the past slip-ups that occurred in the organizations. For whatever length of time that these separations perseveres in the work place than governmental policy regarding minorities in society has not outlasted its convenience. Where there is separation in the enrollment of laborers, preparing and the prizes conspires the organization receives, than a quick move should be made to chan ge this conduct. Individuals ought not confront any type of segregation; everybody merits a reasonable possibility of to get to any open doors that are accessible. In many social orders, separation despite everything exists, and individuals face out of line medicines (Resources, 2008). Individuals of a specific clan, sexual orientation and shading, is required over others. The burdens bunches that exist in this general public ought to be given the comparative open doors as any other individual. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is required to get reasonable treatment to everybody society (Pieper, 1990). Inappropriate behavior arrangements Sexual badgering is any undesirable type of sexual practices, verbal or

Blog Archive mbaMission Consultant Spotlight Jessica Shklar

Blog Archive mbaMission Consultant Spotlight Jessica Shklar After graduating from Harvard College with a degree in anthropology, Jessica Shklar worked in nonprofit education, first doing curriculum development for an adult education center and then in the admissions office of a small university in Los Angeles, where she advised applicants to both the undergraduate college and several graduate programs, including business school. While there, she developed and delivered workshops around the country on Selecting the Right College and How to Write an Effective Application Essay. Having been accepted to every business school to which she applied, including Stanford, Kellogg and Yale, Jessica ultimately chose to attend HBS, where she completed her MBA with distinction (graduating in the top 10%). After starting work, she volunteered in the New York City public school system, helping high school seniors with their college applications. She has worked at several Fortune 100 companies, including American Express and JPMorgan Chase, where she was the quality leader and a senior vice president for Chase Home Finance. Jessica is also a Six Sigma Master Black Belt, with specific expertise in Six Sigma deployment and initialization. Quick Facts: Received MBA from:  Harvard Business School Undergraduate field of study:  Social anthropology Fields worked in before mbaMission:  Adult education and admissions (before business school); credit card marketing, marketing education, operations strategy (after business school) Working style:  Very efficient, project a lot of confidence to my clients What Past Clients are Saying: I can’t imagine anyone better than Jessica Shklar when it comes to MBA admissions consulting.  She really cared about me getting into a top school. Without her, I would not have gained admission, some with significant scholarships, to the three schools, all in the top five, to which I applied. Without a doubt, Jessica Shklar and mbaMission are the reasons why I’m headed to B-school this fall.  Jessica came highly recommended from several friends who had previously used her services, and she exceeded even their glowing recommendations. I cannot recommend mbaMission highly enough and specifically Jessica Shklar. I don’t know if I could have gotten into HBS without her. To say that she was instrumental in my MBA application is a massive understatementâ€"she literally transformed my application and my essays, made them come alive. Watch Jessica’s Video: Share ThisTweet mbaMission Consultant Spotlight

Why Protest Events Are Not a Waste of Time

Online Dating The Negative Side Of Finding Significant...

ay, 2017 Online Dating: The Negative Side of Finding Significant Others Over the Internet Before the birth of technology and social media, people approached their significant others face-to face. They encountered their future wives or husbands at schools, malls, markets, libraries or at any physical places. Everyone came to know others by recognizing their real faces, hearing their real voice, and understanding their real personalities. However, as the trend of using technological devices and social media continues to increase, most people prefer sitting behind their screens to search for their romantic partners. They encounter their potential lovers on social media such as Facebook, Twitter or Instagram. According to Janet Buder,†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, cyber security is a huge problem with online dating that users should be considered. According to Danielle Couch, Pranee Liamputtong, and Marian Pitts, public health researchers at La Trobe University, people may approach s trangers who have criminal or fake backgrounds, which exposes them to rape, violent behavior, or physical as well as emotional abuse (Couch, Liamputtong, and Pitts). Additionally, a professor in the Department of Communication at Stanford University, Jeffrey Hancock, states that social media also has the capability to enhance self-presentation by editing photos and personal information for the purpose of creating a better version of individuals as far as their physical appearances, personalities and their personal life (Hancock and Toma 367). Thus, social media is not a perfect intermediary to seek for romantic partners among adults because there is a high risk of exposing individuals to dangerous situations as well as meeting mismatched partners whose online and real-life personal profiles do not correspond to each other. Obviously, online dating not only saves people time, but it also saves large amount of individuals’ financial resource. In the article â€Å"Online Datin g Doesn t Just Save You Time, It Saves You at Least $6, 400,† David Stout claims that online dating is much more affordable than meeting partners in person. Stout reasons that it takes forty-two months for couples who meet in real life to end up in marriage, andShow MoreRelatedEharmony Examination2619 Words   |  11 PagesWhat kind of a platform business is the online personals market? What kind of network effects (direct, cross-sided, positive, and negative) does it leverage? How structurally attractive is it? The online personals market is a specific niche of social networking, and it is a sole-sponsor, proprietary platform business. 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George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant - 894 Words

â€Å"He was dying very slowly and in great agony†, as described by George Orwell, in his short story, â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†(Orwell). In this story, Orwell delicately explains to his readers how society is influenced by peer pressure. The story was set in Burma in 1936 and begins with a low self-esteemed police officer just trying to get through day- to- day life. His life takes a turn when he is suddenly faced with the decision to shoot an elephant to please a crowd of spectators. Believing that his actions are wrong he shoots the elephant anyway and is rewarded with cheers and social acceptance. However, knowing in his heart that the deed was wrong he is now faced with guilt and must try to convince himself his act was warranted. George Orwell’s short story â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† is relevant in today’s society through the structure, quality, and applicability of the content in the story. In order to fully understand and appreciate a story, it must consist of a good structure, or framework. The structure of this story begins with a setting in lower Burma. Orwell uses a fourteen paragraph narrative approach to connect with his readers in this story. We are given our setting, lower Burma, in the first paragraph followed by several negative person experiences. These experiences help us relate to the narrator on a personal level and feel compassion for him. The paragraphs flow beautifully giving us great insight into his day- to- day life and exactly why he succumbs to peerShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 1114 Words   |  5 PagesShooting an Elephant : George Orwell Since the publication of George Orwell s, Shooting an Elephant in 1936 many philosophers have engaged in conversation about humanity, violence, politics, power, dominance, race, culture and principles. Orwell was in fact a genius plain and simple, though in a very complicated way(Firchow 94). 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It takes place back when Orwell was a British police officer in Burma. He reevaluates his situation in life when he encounters a moral dilemma; to kill or save an elephant. Orwell is a confused and unhappy young policeman who lives inRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 989 Words   |  4 PagesPride{1} Unanticipated choices one is forced to make can have long-lasting effects.{2} In Shooting an Elephant, by George Orwell, the author recounts an event from his life when he was about twenty years old during which he had to choose the lesser of two evils. Many years later, the episode seems to still haunt him. The story takes place at some time during the five unhappy years Orwell spends as a British police officer in Burma. He detests his situation in life, and when he is facedRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 953 Words   |  4 PagesThe area of focus I chose was a work from the Innocence and Experience chapter. 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Remember The Alamo March 6 1836 Essay Example For Students

Remember The Alamo March 6 1836 Essay The Alamo, one of Americas most famous landmarks, was actually a mission to convert foreigners into Christians. The Spaniards built it and called it San Antonio de Valero. It was constructed in the northeast part of Mexico called Texas. The mission began to be called the Alamo mission because in Spanish, Alamo means popular. After about seventy-five years, the mission was abandoned and parts of it crumbled into ruins. In 1821 Mexico won its freedom from Spain and they were now able to vote for leaders as the Americans could. Also, in 1821 an American lawyer named Stephen Austin moved to Texas. Mr. Austin believed that if enough farmers settled the land it could become very prosperous. The settlers agreed to be good citizens and good farmers. They also agreed to build towns and schools and make Texas a safe place to live. The Mexican government liked the idea of the Americans taming the wild, barren land. After all, no one else wanted to even try. In 1824 Mexico adopted a constitution much like the American constitution. This Mexican constitution promised that when Texas got to the point that when there were enough people living there, it would be a separate state with its own capital and government. We will write a custom essay on Remember The Alamo March 6 1836 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Later politicians and military leaders began fighting over who should run the government, and the constitution was soon ignored. Leaders, one after the other, came into power. The amount of Americans living in Mexico was rapidly multiplying. Mexico began to worry, especially when America offered to buy Texas from them. The Mexican government passed a law forbidding any more Americans to live in Mexico. Shortly afterwards an extremely powerful military leader named Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna seized leadership of the Mexican government. Santa Anna strongly opposed the Mexican constitution and threw it out. He decided that the people could not and would not elect their leaders any more. Stephen Austin was asked to travel to the capital and ask Santa Anna if Texas would be allowed to become a separate state in Mexico. Santa Anna refused to allow that, even after being reminded of the fact that Santa Anna and his leaders promised to let the people of Texas set up their own government. That made Stephen Austin enraged. At once he wrote a letter asking the people of Texas to help him set up their own government. When Santa Anna found out about this, he put Austin in jail. Austin stayed in jail for nearly two years before he was allowed to return to his home in Texas. Austin no longer supported the Mexican government because Santa Anna would not allow the Texans to have a democratic government. Austin said to Santa Anna, Our only choice is war. The Texans still believe in being part of a democratic Mexico, but they did not want to live under Santa Annas rule. If he sent any more soldiers to make them obey him, they would fight them. Austin had three powerful men to help the Texans: Sam Houston, Jim Bowie and William Travis. All three were very strong and well educated men. Travis and Austin drove the Mexicans out of many towns and captured several forts. They announced that they would fight until Santa Anna would restore the constitution of 1824 and make Mexico a democracy again. Santa Anna commanded an army himself. Santa Anna was positive that he and his army could kill all the Texans or make them surrender. While Santa Annas troops were marching towards Texas, a band of 300 volunteers attacked the Mexican soldiers who were using the abandoned Alamo mission as a fort. The Mexicans felt very secure in the mission because bullets could not penetrate through the immensely thick walls. The Texan volunteers fought so hard that they forced the Mexicans to retreat and surrender. The Mexicans left the Alamo and the whole town of San Antonio to the Texans. .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1 , .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1 .postImageUrl , .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1 , .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1:hover , .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1:visited , .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1:active { border:0!important; } .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1:active , .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1 .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u851a1b0c61b6858c703d8c9e914911f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Criminal Trials EssayDavy Crockett joined the group of volunteers. Now there were almost two hundred men inside the Alamo fort. They had stored some extra food just in case of an attack by the Mexicans. On February 23,1836 the sentinel spotted a huge army far off in the horizon. It was Santa Annas army. The long awaited fight was about to begin. After a few days Santa Anna ordered a cannon to open fire. From then on there was a constant roar of guns and ammunition blasting, day and night. The Texans held their fire to save ammunition. The Texans realized that eventually Santa Annas army would climb the walls of the fort. They would need their ammunition for when the Mexica ns came pouring over the walls of the fort. Soon the exhausted defenders of the Alamo were running lower and lower on ammunition. With every attack Santa Annas army got closer and closer to the walls of the fort. The Texans thought that they would die because help would not come in time. They vowed to fight in order to prevent Santa Annas army from taking over Texas. They were willing to give their lives for the freedom of others. After many days of pounding, a Mexican cannon finally punctured a huge hole in the north wall of the old mission. The defenders of the Alamo kept fighting bravely, even though it had gotten more and more dangerous all the time. On March 5, the fighting finally stopped. The defenders of the Alamo were tired and they needed sleep. Santa Anna knew this and planned another attack on the Texans at five oclock the next morning because he knew how hard it would be for them to get up and fight. The next morning exactly that was what happened. The Mexicans were try ing to climb up the walls of the fort. For every Alamo defender that, died seven enemy soldiers died. One by one the brave defenders died fighting. Buck Travis died at his cannon and Davy Crockett also fell dead. Santa Anna rushed into the room where Jim Bowie lay sick and killed him. At last there were no more defenders. Sam Houston and his troops were on their way to the Alamo when they heard that the Alamo had fallen. Santa Anna was sure he beat the Alamo and would conquer all of Texas and Mexico. Houston and his men were determined to win Texas back and keep it. Houston kept adding men to his army and it slowly increased. Santa Anna and his troops were camping on the peninsula. Houston and his eight hundred men marched day and night until they reached Santa Annas camp. His scouts destroyed the bridge in which Santa Anna might escape. He was trapped. At once Sam Houston screamed to his men Remember the Alamo! The Texans were ready to fight until Santa Anna was defeated and that is what they did. Santa Anna was brought to Sam Houston, as he lay propped up against a tree because his foot had been shot. Houston could have shot Santa Anna, but he was too nice. Santa Anna was forced to sign a treaty stating that Texas was a free state. He also had to remove all his troops from Texas. The Texans won Texas as their own state and elected Sam Houston President of the Republic of Texas. The constitution of 1824 was restored. Texas remained an independent country until 1845 when they voted to join the United States. The Texans and other Americans will always remember the long fight of the Alamo. The troops obeyed Sam Houston. They will always remember the Alamo. The Story of the AlamoBy Norman Richards Childrens Press, Chicago The AlamoLeonard Everett Fisher Leonard Everett Fisher, 1987www.ansaldo.it/~paesani/alamo13d.htmlHistory

Claims of the Third World

MEMS essays

MEMS essays Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) Micro-electromechanical systems are a technology based on the combination of computer and mechanical elements such as: sensors, valves, actuators, mirrors and gears enclosed in semiconductor chips. It is basically the integration of micromechanisms and microelectronics. The combination of these engineering areas makes impact near all branches of science and technology in fields such as biology, medicine, automotive engineering and others. MEMS, also called smart matter, because they are able to do information processing and transduction tasks for certain applications. So it would be a device that can sense and react accordingly to the environment. Motivating factors behind MEMS include the package size due to its decreased size. In addition facts of manufacturing and economic advantages are also present. Potentially, such chips can be built in large quantities at low cost. A high develop sensor takes information from the environment without damaging the environment. Therefore, ener gy exchange is reduced. Fast response and high sensitivity with minimal power are also important attributes. MEMS can be used for numeral purposes. MEMS are being used in lots of different fields of science and engineering, such as: biotechnology, communications, accelerometers and other. In the biotechnology field, DNA amplification and identification system has been developed called Polymerase Chain Reaction. A Scanning Tunneling Microscope, for the detection of hazardous chemical and biological agents. In communications high frequency devices circuits would be benefit by MEMS technology. Inductors and tunable capacitors with are electronic devices can improve if made with MEMS technology. All of these will improve the performance of communication circuits and at the same time power consumption and cost will be reduced. MEMS accelerometers are replacing the ones now for crash air bag deployment system...

Man Killed in Sydney Shooting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Man Killed in Sydney Shooting - Essay Example Local people are strictly prohibited to get into the area until the investigation process is in progress and police advice the people for not to come across the street and try to avoid it. However, even after several primary investigation process police is still unable to identify any criminals or suspects. As the shootout was held in the evening the police have decided to close the road from late evening. Even though the investigation is taking place still the criminals are still free and no one is yet arrested by the police. The case is in progress and the murderer is still undetected. Moreover, the increasing number of crime in Australia is affecting its social and political stability to a large extent. Thus, the local people are getting affected by the increasing criminal activities in Australia (The Australian, 2014). The Social Structure Theory mainly implies the relationship between various attributes of the society. The social structure theory is mainly based on the three modules those are a strain, cultural deviance theory, and social disorganization theory. The objective of these components of the theory is to provide support for understanding individual behavior towards the criminal behavior. In this context, the cultural deviance fits appropriately for the case. The cultural deviance theory is a combination of the social disorganization and strain theory. The criminal activities taking place within the society, which is mainly witnessed amid the lower grade people with a poor mentality. From the above case, it is found that the crime has taken place in a roadside area. Police, however, suspects that there might be some involvement of the mafia gang who are experts in this kind of activity as referred to in the case. The cultural deviance theory signifies that the upbringing or the family cu lture of a person can lead them towards the crime.  

Risk Manahement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Risk Manahement - Essay Example These strategies are forward contracts, futures contracts, swaps, call options, collars etc. All these strategies have significant strengths and weaknesses, which needs to be efficiently balanced by firms. This paper illuminates the impact of commodity price risk on the firms as well the significance of hedging such risk. It also analyzes different hedging strategies used by companies and their strengths and weaknesses. Hedging constitutes one of the most important financial decisions of any firm. It refers to different ways through which a company can minimize its exposure to various kinds of risks. Fuel represents a crucial cost in the total airline expenditure and thus fuel price risk has a great impact on the earnings and cash flows of airlines. Any drastic increase in oil prices can adversely affect cash flows. Effective hedging strategies are imperative for airlines to minimize the variability of cash flows due to volatility in oil price (Carter, Rogers. and Simkins, 2003). This is why almost firms use various hedging strategies to protect their cash flow from variations resulting out of oil price fluctuations. Froot, Scharfstein and Stein propound that "if a firm does not hedge, there will be some variability in the cash flows generated by assets in place." (1993, p. 1630) A non-hedging airline is also likely to be greatly vulnerable to any change in fuel market price. Because of effectiveness of hedging in commodity price risk manageme... that "for a given level of debt, hedging can reduce the probability that a firm will find itself in a situation where it is unable to repay that debt." (1993, p. 1632) This is one of the greatest benefits of using hedging strategies to manage commodity price risk. These strategies assure management that even if the commodity price moves in the unfavourable direction, it will not have a great impact of firm's earnings and cash flows. Forward contracts are the most common hedging strategies used by firms. Southwest airlines managed its exposure to oil price risk in the year 2005 with the help of forward contracts and successfully enhanced its earnings. On the contrary, in the same year other airlines like Delta and United Airlines faced great difficulties. However, there is high credit risk involved in hedging strategy using forward contracts. Froot, Scharfstein and Stein elaborate that "because they are not settled until maturity, forwards can involve substantially more credit risk than futures." (1993, p. 1649) Forwards have a distinctive feature as compared to the futures contract that they cannot be settled before maturity date. Hence, on one hand forwards strategy helps firms to considerably minimize their exposure to commodity price risk, it also leads to significant credit risk. Futures contract is another most commonly used strategy that firms can use to hedge against the commodity price risk. Veld-Merkoulova and de Roon (2003) illuminate a 'nave' strategy which relies on short term futures contracts for the purpose of hedging long term position in the spot market when the size of both the positions are the same. Under this hedging strategy, the futures contract is closed on the same date as that of the spot contract if futures contract has a maturity date

Effect of Pay for Performance Model on Healthcare

Effect of Pay for Performance Model on Healthcare Priscilla Hernandez As the federal agency responsible for the Medicare program, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services needed to ensure that beneficiaries received the highest quality care. The implementation of the pay for performance programs by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services may have the source for improvement of the care delivered to Medicare patients. In 2006, a Health Law Review article defined pay for performance as â€Å"a reimbursement method under which some physicians and hospitals are paid more than others for the same services because they have been deemed to deliver better quality care and their patients appear to have better outcomes† (Mayes 17-22). Through these pay for performance programs, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services would incentivize or penalize providers (e.g., hospitals, physicians, home health agencies) based on their performance on clinical, outcome and patient experience measures. For decades, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and other insurance payers have reimbursed providers using a fee-for-service payment model. The term fee- for-service is defined as â€Å"a method in which doctors and other healthcare providers paid for each service performed†¦.services include tests and office visits† (Healthcare.gov). In their 2011 Health Law Review article, the opinion of Mayes and Walradt was that the P4P program was â€Å"developed largely in response to the cost control problems and perverse incentives associated with fee-for service reimbursement, which is the dominant model in the US† (1). Throughout the last ten years, Congress has enacted legislation such as the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003, Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 and the Affordable Care Act of 2010, as a means of moving away from this fee-for-service model to a pay for reporting model and eventually to a pay for performance model (Frequently Asked Questions 8). The journey to ensure improved patient care began with the creation of the pay for reporting programs. The pay for reporting programs included the Hospital Quality Alliance, the Reporting Hospital Quality Data for Acute Payment Update later known as the Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting Program and the Reporting Physician Quality Reporting System. The pay for performance programs included the Hospital Value Based Purchasing program, the Physician Value Modifier and the Accountable Care Organizations. The following paragraph will give a brief history of the transition of the pay for reporting program to the pay for performance program. In 2005, as a result of the Modernization Act of 2003, hospitals voluntarily submitted data on ten quality measures to avoid a 0.4 percentage points reduction in their annual payment update for fiscal years 2005, 2006 and 2007 (Hospital Quality Initiative 3). The quality measures focused on four conditions or diseases that were among the most common, most expensive to treat and most serious conditions for Medicare beneficiaries. These conditions were acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, pneumonia, and surgical care improvement (Hospital Quality Initiative 4). Between 2004 and 2007, the measures increased from ten to thirty-six. The signing of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 brought six additional measures and hospitals who did not voluntarily report were at risk of a 2.0 percentage point reduction to their annual payment update for fiscal y ear 2009. The 2009 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services paper, â€Å"Roadmap for Implementing Value-driven Health Care in the Traditional Medicare Fee-for-Service Program†, notes that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services proposed moving from a pay-for-reporting program to a pay-for-performance program as part of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (14). The start of this pay for performance program, which was best known as the Hospital Value Based Purchasing program would change the future and the practice of medicine in hospitals and other healthcare facilities for many years to come. This program drove the most change in care provided to Medicare patients. According to CMS.gov: On April, 29, 2011, the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services issued the final rule establishing the Hospital Value Based Purchasing program†¦This program, which was established by the Affordable Care Act, [would] implement pay-for-performance†¦The final rule adopt[ed] performance measures, drawn from the measure set that hospitals have been reporting under the Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting program. During his presentation at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality on September 14, 2009, Michael T. Rapp, MD, JD, FACEP, Director, Quality Measurement, and Health Assessment Group, listed the supporters for the Hospital Value Based Purchasing program. Supporters included the Institute of Medicine, private health plans, and employer coalitions. When the Institute of Medicine released their â€Å"To Err is Human and Crossing the Quality of Chasm Report† they called for â€Å"raising standards and expectations for improvements in safety through the actions of oversight organizations, professional groups, and group purchasers of health care† (6). The support for the Hospital Value Based Purchasing program could be seen as early as November 1999 in the IOM report, â€Å"One way this can happen is by purchasers and consumers requesting and using information to direct their business to the best organizations and providers in a community† (19). For many years, th e need for standardization of care was needed and no other program but the Hospital Value Based Purchasing program could have brought that change. The quality of care given by providers would now be an open book and this would surely drive significant change. The supporters felt the program would bring change but there were also those opposing the Hospital Value Based Purchasing program. Opposition for the program came from hospitals, state hospital associations, and physician associations. Those with oppositions felt the program would pose significant operational challenges due to the number of measures being reported. Smaller hospitals would have the most challenges due to hiring additional work force to perform the chart abstraction required to report on the measures. Some measures would also require changes in processes that often take financial resources. To summarize the 2008 Modern Healthcare article, many healthcare groups felt the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services was heading in the right direction by implementing the Value Based Purchasing Program but felt such a program should not be used to reduce Medicare spending (Lubell 1). The healthcare groups felt the program would lose credibility among providers since it was o nly a short-term fix to reduce Medicare spending (Lubell 2). The first year of payment with the Hospital Value Based Purchasing program would be fiscal year 2013. With this program, hospitals would need to show improvement over the baseline during the performance period. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services established that the baseline period would come from measures previously reported to the Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting Program for discharges from July 1, 2009 – March 31, 2010 and the performance period would be July 1, 2011 – March 31, 2012. The initial measures included twelve of the Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting Program measures. Since these were the original pay for reporting measures, many hospitals had already been working on improving their performance. The use of previously reported measures also helped many facilities know where they needed to improve. The results of patient satisfaction surveys would also be part of the program. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services required hospital s to survey patients with a survey know as the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey. The initial measures were all measures that focused on processes. These included providing discharge instructions to patients, controlling a patient’s glucose after having heart surgery and ordering venous thromboembolism prophylaxis to surgical patients. Although patients would have better outcomes, such as less pulmonary embolisms and less infections with these measures, the use of process of care based measures would only show improvement in changes made to processes. The process measures that showed the most improvement over the baseline included Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Received Within 90 minutes of Hospital Arrival and Postoperative Urinary Catheter Removal on Post Operative Day 1 or 2. The Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention measure improved by 1.9% from 93.44% to 95.34% showing the percentage of heart attack patients who had the blocked vessel causing the heart attack to be opened up with in 90 minutes of arriving to the hospital. The urinary catheter improved from 92.86% to 95.79% for an overall improvement of 2.93%. Surgical patients often need a urinary catheter after surgery. If left in place for too long patients can develop an infection. This indicator measured the percentage of patients who had their urinary catheter removed with in first or second day after they had surgery. These two measures are some of the few process measures that made a difference in the care and outcome of patients. The Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention measure improved the chances of survival for heart attack patients and the urinary catheter measure helped prevent infections. Patients who survived a heart attack as a result of the care they received at a hospital are surely to tell others of their experience. Word of mouth is the most common source of recommendation for a product, restaurant, or even hospital. The New York Times reiterates this in an October 2013 article by stating, â€Å"While private and public payers are making important progress on performance measures and outcomes-based reimbursement, patients still rely largely on the recommendations of loved ones and friends about the quality of care provided by individual doctors, hospitals and other providers†(Blando 2). Although this may be true, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services still created the Hospital Compare website. The website would provide consumers information on how hospitals compared to other hospitals on each of the process of care measures. The website could be compared to the Consumer Reports website in that prior to making a major purchase consumers can research information on the quality of the product they plan on purchasing. This website would enable the consumer to make an informed decisio n regarding their healthcare. It also opened up a world of transparency for hospitals and consumers. Quality data on hospitals had never been shared with their competitors or their patients. Hospitals changed many processes in order to improve their performance of the measures that were displayed on the Hospital Compare website. Can it be determined if there has been improvement in the care provided or is it still to early to tell? In an attempt to answer this question, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services contracted with the Rand Corporation to evaluate the effects of the Hospital Value Based Purchasing program. In 2014, the Rand Corporation released their research report entitled â€Å"Measuring Success in Health Care Value-Based Purchasing Programs†. Their research found only â€Å"49 studies that examined the effect of P4P on process and intermediate outcome measures† (xxi). The RAND article states, â€Å"Any identified effects were relatively small† (xxii). When compared to the initial baseline period, the process of care measures have shown improvement during the performance periods. This journey has been painful for so many facilities. Many of which were not prepared for how quickly the pay for performance program would become reality. Although this program has increased the amount of work for facilities, many have worked diligently to ensure the changes needed to processes to improve patient care were implemented. Improvement in care will only be seen with the implementation of outcomes based measures. As stated above, more heart attack patients have survived. Fewer infections from urinary catheters being taken out in a timely manner will most likely be seen. In the future, the outcome measures should be better predictors of the effects of the pay for performance program. Examples of outcomes based indicators includes measuring readmissions back to hospitals, measuring infections and measuring mortality of patients for the four common conditions mentioned in the previous paragraphs. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services only recently implemented these outcomes measures. As with the process of care measures, until additional years of data are available their effect cannot be determined. At this time with the limited data available, it is s till too early to tell if the Hospital Value Based Purchasing program has made an impact on the care provided to Medicare beneficiaries.

Diabetes Mellitus Essay -- Disease, Disorders

Diabetes mellitus (DM) or simply diabetes, is a chronic health condition in which the body either fails to produce the amount of insulin needed or it responds inadequately to the insulin secreted by the pancreas. The three primary types of diabetes are: Diabetes Type 1 and 2, and during some pregnancies, Gestational diabetes. The clichà © for all three types of diabetes is high glucose blood levels or hyperglycemia. The pathophysiology of all types of diabetes mellitus is related to the hormone insulin, which is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. This hormone is responsible for maintaining an optimal glucose level in the blood. It allows the body cells to use glucose as a main energy source. Due to abnormal insulin metabolism, in a diabetic person, the body cells and tissues cannot make use of glucose from the blood, resulting in elevated blood glucose level or hyperglycemia. Over time, elevated blood glucose level in the bloodstream can lead to severe complications, such as disorders of the eyes, cardiovascular diseases, kidney damage and nerve destruction. In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas is not able to produce sufficient amount of insulin as required for the body. The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes suggests that it’s an autoimmune disease, in which the body’s own immune system generates secretions of substances that attack the beta cells of the pancreas leading to low or no insulin secretion. This is more common in children and young adults before the age of thirty. Type 1 is also referred as Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus or Juvenile Diabetes, exogenous insulin is needed for its treatment. In type 2 diabetes mellitus we find insulin resistance with varying degrees of insulin secretory defects and is more comm... ... advice to wear comfortable shoes, preferable leather, and not to walk barefoot. Maintaining proper weight and exercising regularly is essential. Early and correct detection of the type of diabetes is necessary to prevent severe health complications. Reference List Bernstein, R. (2007). Dr. Bernstein’s diabetes solution, New York, Little, Brown and Company Becker, G. (2011). Type 2 diabetes, New York, Marlowe & Company Khardori, R. (2011). Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117739-overview Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329/DSECTION=ca 1998-2012 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). By Mayo Clinic Staff Silvestri, L. (2010). Comprehensive review for the nclex-pn examination Saunders; 4 edition Linda Anne Silvestri (March 5, 2009)

“Philip Condit and the Boeing 777

The case study „Philip Condit and the Boeing 777: From Design and Development to Production and Salesâ€Å" deals with the launch and development key points of the Boeing 777 model in the 90s. Generally, the aircraft industry is described as a very risky one as failure is the norm due to high product development costs. Furthermore it consists of a rival duopoly of the survival jet makers Boeing and Airbus. The Boeing company’s history of producing jets can be split into two eras. In the 1920s, 1930s and during Worlds War II., it was a military contractor producing bombers and fight aircraft. Later on, in the 1950, Boeing became the world‘ s largest manufacturer of commercial aircraft. Their first jet was the 707 model. Although Boeing was very successful, Airbus remained a serious rival. In 1988, Boeing planned to upgrade the 767 model in order to meet the level of Airbus‘ competition which launched two new models. As Boeing had no 300-seat jetlines, nor plans to develop such a jet, the Executive Vice President Philip Condit proposed to design a 767 double-decker jet. To explore the risks, he tried to find out if the customers were interested in such a launch. But United Airlines rejected the idea of a 767 double-decker, as it had no chance against Airbus‘ new model transports. Instead, Condit was won over to develop a completely new commercial Boeing jet which would be called the 777 project. One of the main characteristics of the Boeing 777 jet was that it was a consumer driven product. In order to decrease the risk of developing the new jet, Boeing approved the project only until it obtained 68 firm orders of the 777 jet by the carrier United Airlines. Only then Boeing commited to the 777 program and the directors approved the close cooperation of the two companies. For the design and development phase Boeing introduced the „Working Togetherâ€Å" with eight more carriers. Furthermore Boeing 777 was a globally manufactured product, for which 12 international companies were contracted. Boeing split the risk of the new product on a family of planes consisting of different planes build around a basic 777 model. By that, the design included a maximum flexibility for future changes of the model according to customer preferences. Besides these facts, the 777 project delivered the first jetliner designed entirely by computers. Instead of old-fashioned two-dimensional methods, the sophisticated computer program „Catiaâ€Å" (computer aided three-dimensional interactive application) had been used. Furthermore, all team members were connected according to Catia, which made them be cross-functional. During the 777 project, Boeing implemented a new company culture, where assembly line workers were empowered and encouraged to offer suggestions and participate in the desicion making. Managers also payed attention to problems faced by their workers, such as safety concerns, childcare, etc. The Leadership and Management style changed from a secretive one to open communication among employees; from an individualistic mentality to teamwork. In the 1990 the new 777 aircraft program had been launched and in 1995 the first jet had been delivered, while in 2001 the 777s were flying in the service of major U.S. and international airlines. Although Boeing produced the most successful commercial jetliner, it was a risky project and its process contained unresolved problems. Problem statement The main concern of Boeing was its insufficiency to reach the competitive level of its only rival, Airbus. While Boeing had no plans to even develop a 300-seat jetline, Airbus had launched in 1988 two new successful models. Condit’s proposition of a modernization of the already existing 767 model by upgrading it to a double-decker jet, had been refused by United Airlines. United’s contra argument was that a Boeing 767 double-decker was no match to Airbus’s new model transports. Boeing’s challenge was to create a completely new commercial jet model which should not only be the preferred airplane in the aircraft industry, but at the same time be launched at a competitive price. The most costly and risky part of the development of an aircraft was the production of the jet engine. Its production could cost as much as producing the airplane itself. By deciding to develop a completely new 777 model instead of updating the older 767 model, a new engine had to be developed. Although Boeing had been strong in the 90s, the project still was risky. A failure of the costful new jetliner might have led to a decline of the Boeing company. The question was how to develop technological and managerial innovations to cut costs. Those innovations in aircraft design, manufacturing and assembly were supposed to update Boeing’s engineering production system and manufacturing strategies. The case focuses on efforts done to survive in the aircraft market by modernization, success and cost effectiveness. All efforts finally run to the question, if Boeing will achieve a better competitive position to Airbus. Data analysis The main problem of the company arouse because its latest, eight-year-old, wide-body twin jet 767 Boeing model, even if upgraded and turned into a double-decker, still couldn’t be a match to Airbus’s new 300-seat wide-body models (the two engine A330 and the four engine A340). If Boeing wanted to have future on the market, it quickly had to resolve this issue by planning a way of enhancing its competitive position relative to Airbus. Boeing was also being urged by the United Airlines and also by other airline carriers to develop a brand new commercial jet, which was even expected to be the most advanced airplane of its generation. The decision to be made in terms of this issue lies in the responsibility of Frank Shrontz, Boeing’s CEO, in 1988. The stakeholders to be further affected by it were the future customers of the 777 Boeing model – airline carriers from all around the world, like United Airlines. Also relevant to the outcome of Shrontz’s decision were the manager Philip Condit, put in charge for the 777 project, as well as all the others 10 000 employees and lower level managers, that were recruited to work on it. The situation was going to affect as well Boeing’s suppliers for structural components, systems and equipment, which were twelve international companies located in ten countries. As first constrain for resolving the issue we can note that Boeing’s production system and manufacturing strategies were outmoded and needed to be updated. In order to create an aircraft, which could compete with Airbus’s latest ones, Boeing first needed to revitalize their mass production manufacturing system. Airbus also was ahead of Boeing because of their use of the most advanced technologies, and therefore Boeing had to introduce leading edge technologies into its jetliners. If we look at Exhibit II in the business case, we will see the market share of shipments of commercial aircraft of Boeing, McDonnell Douglas (MD) (until 1997, before the merger with Boeing) and Airbus, for the period 1992 – 2000. The percentage numbers on the table show the competitive relationship between Boeing and Airbus, especially when they remain the only players in the industry in 1997. Airbus is steadily raising the percentage of its market share of shipment throughout the years, for Boeing’s misfortune respectively. From here we can extend more our understanding of the threat that Boeing had in the face of Airbus and also of the need for the CEO of Boeing to come up with a solution for how to strengthen its competitive position.

Security Standards And Security Safety Standards - 812 Words

Government Security Standards The government and organizations are to comply with security laws and regulations in order to fully operate and maintain protection of information systems. Some of these security laws and regulations may vary for every industry and with some organizations; however, implementing security standards with a broad in scope provides reliable reasonable security. In many cases reasonable security implemented throughout the information system can include a high-level of protection in the operation of government and organization systems. There are best practices and risk management frameworks tools to consider when providing a higher level of security in the performance and protection of information systems. It’s key to maintain effective security policies that are fulfilled by security standards and tools to help manage the protection of the information systems. Security standards are required to carry out the details of an effective security policy. One common standard in security standards is to ensure ethics are maintained in a lawful way. The difference between government and commercial security standards is government security standards focus on compliance with security policies that deal with national security; whereas, health organizations maintain security standards that focus on compliance with security policy that ensure the privacy of health records. The security policy provides the rules of protection for the information system andShow MoreRelatedBitcoin Is Becoming Too Stronger955 Words   |  4 Pagesto cybersecurity risk and threat. Breaking news from cyber security world Hardly had the Bitfinex community recovered from $70 million theft, when it again suffered a heavy cyber attack in February 2017. One of the largest cryptocurrency exchanges became a prey to massive DDoS attack. It paralyzed the operation of a trading platform for hours. Another piece of news that knocked bitcoin holders down came earlier this year. 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